With exercism/exercism.io@54e1df3, we can now gather exercises into a
subdirectory. By separating the language track files from the
configuration and management files, it is easier to read the project.

- move gradle config under "exercises" too as it would make a mess
  otherwise.

- move example.java so we can refer to it in Gradle as a soureSet.
- Java requires public classes be contained in identically-named files.
- using latest Travis infrastructure (better, stronger, faster).
- each piece of travis config has been confirmed as minimum necessary at
  this time.
  - without JDK specified, would run with default (Java 7)
  - without TERM=dumb, travis output is unreadable.