import java.util.*; 

public class NumberUtilities {
    public static String getRange(int stop) {
        String numRange = "";
        for (int i=0; i<stop; i++) {
            numRange += String.valueOf(i);
        }
        return numRange;

    }

    public static String getRange(int start, int stop) {
        String specNumRange = "";
        for (int i=start; i<stop; i++) {
            specNumRange += String.valueOf(i);
        }
        return specNumRange;
    }

    public static String getRange(int start, int stop, int step) {
        String stepNumRange = "";
        for (int i=start; i<stop; i+=step) {
            stepNumRange += String.valueOf(i);
        }
        return stepNumRange;
    }

    public static String getEvenNumbers(int start, int stop) {
        String evenNumRange = "";
        if (start%2 != 0) {
        start += 1;
        }
        for (int i=start; i<stop; i+=2) {
            evenNumRange += String.valueOf(i);
        }
        return evenNumRange;
    }

    public static String getOddNumbers(int start, int stop) {
        String oddNumRange = "";
        if (start%2 == 0) {
        start += 1;
        }
        for (int i=start; i<stop; i+=2) {
            oddNumRange += String.valueOf(i);
        }
        return oddNumRange;
    }

    public static String getSquareNumbers(int start, int stop) {
        String squareNumRange = "";
        for (int i=start; i<stop; i++) {
            squareNumRange += String.valueOf(i*i);
        }
        return squareNumRange;
    }
    
    public static String getExponentiations(int start, int stop, int exponent) {
       return getExponentiationsWithStep(start, stop, 1, exponent);
    }
    
    // getExponentiationsWithStep 
    public static String getExponentiationsWithStep(int start, int stop, int step, int exponent) {
        String exNumRange = "";
        int exponentialNum = start;
        int result = 0;
        for (int i=start; i<=stop; i+=step) {
            result = (int)Math.pow(i,exponent);
            //System.out.println(result);
            
            exNumRange += String.valueOf(result);
        }
        return exNumRange;
    }
}